Exclusive Artisan Jewelry, Design and Style Services for Royalty, Celebrities and VIPs
Sets | Rings | Necklaces | Bracelets | Earrings | Brooches | Rarities | Men | Gemstone Guide | Crystal Guide | About RJ
| Royalty Jeweler's guide to earth's gems and crystals from around the world Crystals are decorative, potent, and fascinating. Ancient peoples believed they were gifts from the gods and their magical properties have been recognized in almost every culture. Some stones have been used since time immemorial while new stones have recently emerged to aid humanity. Many stones are tumbled, cut, or faceted in order to enhance their appearance, but they work just as well in their natural forms too. They have magical powers and properties that attract, heal, protect, enhance, divine the future, and much more. By harnessing the unique beauty of crystals, you can change your life; they can bring you everything your heart desires - if you know how to access their power. Many stones are tumbled, cut, or faceted in order to enhance their appearance, but they work just as well in their natural forms too. Quartz, which is found all over the world, is the most common crystal. It has considerable powers. Quartz, and other crystals, are available as single or cluster pieces, or are formed into wands, balls, candleholders, and the like. Crystals have many uses; they generate, store, regulate, transmit, and absorb energy. They attract and repel. Putting out "good vibes," they harmonize the atmosphere of your body; taking in energy, they cleanse the environment and your aura. How Crystal Form? How crystals work for you? Choosing your crystal Crystal Magic Crystal Meanings Esoteric Meanings Esoteric Uses Scrying Developing Your Intuition Crystal Dream Meanings Crystals For Well-Being: Calming Crystals Emotional Healing Crystals Crystals For The Aura
|
Crystals
|
Picture
|
Name | Color | Appearance | Rarity | Source |
 |
Agate | Clear or milky white, gray, blue, green, pink, brown, often artificially colored | Waxy and soft, usually banded, sometimes translucent with small crystals, various sizes. Often sold as artificially colored slices that have no additional therapeutic properties. | Common | United States, India, Morocco, Czech Republic, Brazil, Africa |
 |
Blue Lace Agate | Pale blue with white or darker lines | Banded, often small and tumbled | Readily available | As Agate |
 |
Dendritic Agate | Clear, brown, green | Transparent with fern-like markings, often small and tumbled | Readily available | United States, Czech Republic, India, Iceland, Morocco, Brazil |
 |
Fire Agate | Brownish red, orange, blue, green | Swirling, luminescent, small stone | Obtainable from specialist stores | United States, Czech Republic, India, Iceland, Morocco, Brazil |
 |
Moss Agate | Green, Blue, Red, Yellow, Brown | Transparent or translucent with branching markings like foliage or moss, often small and tumbled | Common | United States, Australia, India |
 |
Amazonite | Blue, green | Opalescent with veins, various sizes, sometimes tumbled | Common | United States, Russia, Canada, Brazil, India, Mozambique, Namibia, Austria |
 |
Amber | Golden brown or yellow -green is artificially colored | Opaque or transparent resin, insects or vegetation trapped inside, various sizes | Easily obtained | Britain, Poland, Italy, Romania, Russia, Germany, Myanmar, Dominica |
 |
Amethyst | Purple to lavender | Transparent, pointed crystals. May be geode, cluster, or single point. All sizes. | One of the most common crystals | United States, Britain, Canada, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Sri Lanka, Uruguay, East Africa, Siberia, India |
 |
Ametrine | Purple and yellow | Transparent crystal, combination of Amethyst and Citrine, often small and tumbled | Readily available though obtained from only one mine | Bolivia |
 |
Angelite | Blue and White, sometimes flecked with red | Opaque and often veined like wings, largish stone | Easily obtained | Britain, Egypt, Germany, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Libya |
 |
Anhydrite | Clear, blue, gray | Long bladed or short crystals, usually on matrix | Obtained from specialist stores | Italy |
 |
Apatite | Yellow, green, gray, blue, white, purple, brown, red-brown, violet | Opaque, sometimes transparent, glassy, hexagonal crystal, various sizes, often tumbled | Blue readily available, yellow rare | Mexico, Norway, Russia, United States |
 |
Apophyllite | Clear, white, green, yellowish, peach | Cubic or pyramidal crystals, may be transparent or opaque, small single crystals to large clusters | Readily available | Britain, Australia, India, Brazil, Czech Republic, Italy |
 |
Aquamarine | Green-blue | Clear to opaque crystal, often small and tumbled or faceted | Readily available | United States, Mexico, Russia, Brazil, India, Ireland, Zimbabwe, Afghanistan, Pakistan |
 |
Aragonite | White, yellow, gold, green, blue, brown | Several forms, usually small. Chalky and fibrous or translucent or transparent with distinct protrusions like little sputniks | Easily obtained | Namibia, Britain, Spain |
| Atacamite | Deep turquoise | Tiny crystals on matrix - resembles Chrysocolla | Quite rare but becoming more widely available | United States, Australia, Mexico, Chile | |
 |
Aventurine | Green, blue, red, brown, peach | Opaque, speckled with shiny particles, all sizes, often tumbled | Readily available | Italy, Brazil, China, India, Russia, Tibet, Nepal |
 |
Azeztulite | Colorless or white | Clear or opaque quartz with striations, usually small | Rare and expensive | North Carolina |
 |
Azurite | Deep blue | Very small, shiny crystals (not visible when tumbled), often small tumbled stone | Easily obtained, often in combination with Malachite | United States, Australia, Chile, Peru, France, Namibia, Russia, Egypt |
 |
Beryl | Pink, golden, yellow, green, white, blue | Prismatic crystals, may be transparent and pyramidal, all sizes | Readily available in most forms but may be expensive | United States, Russia, Australia, Brazil, Czech Republic, France, Norway |
| Beryl: Chrysoberyl | Golden yellow, yellow with brown, green with red | Tabular transparent crystals. Alexandrite appears green in natural light and red in artificial light. Cat's Eye or Cymophane is banded or eye-like | Chrysoberyl readily available, Cat's Eye may be expensive, Alexandrite rare | Australia, Brazil, Myanmar, Canada, Ghana, Norway, Zimbabwe, Russia | |
 |
Bloodstone | Red-green | Green quartz flecked with red or yellow jasper, often medium tumbled stone | Readily available | Australia, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Russia, India |
 |
Boji Stone | Brown, some blue | Metallic looking, smooth (female) or with square protrusions (male), small to medium size | True Boji Stones can be difficult to obtain | United States, Britain |
 |
Calcite | Green, blue, yellow, orange, clear, brown, pink gray, red | Translucent and waxy, often banded (may be acid-treated to enhance color), all sizes sometimes tumbled | Common | United States, Britain, Belgium, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Peru, Iceland, Romania, Brazil |
 |
Carnelian | Red, Orange, Pink, Brown | Small, translucent pebble, Often water-worn or tumbled | Common | Britain, India, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Peru, Iceland, Romania |
| Celestite | Blue, Yellow, Red, White | Transparent, pyramidal crystals as medium to large cluster or geode, or platelike piece | Easily obtained but quite expensive | Britain, Egypt, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Libya, Madagascar. | |
 |
Cerussite | White, Gray, Gray-black, Yellow | White and yellow translucent crystals, or gray and black granular, usually on a matrix | can be obtained from specialist stores | Namibia |
 |
Chalcedony | White, Pink, Blue, Red, Grayish | Transparent or opaque, sometimes banded, all sizes, often seen as geode or small tumbled stone | Common | United States, Austria, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Iceland, Mexico, Britain, Mexico, New Zealand, Turkey, Russia, Brazil, Morocco |
 |
Charoite | Purple | Mottled, Swirled and veined, often small to medium, tumbled or polished | Becoming more easily obtainable | Russia |
 |
Chiastolite | Brown-gray, Rose, Gray, Reddish-brown, Olive green | Distinctive cross in center of stone, often small and tumbled | Easily obtained | Chile, Russia, Spain |
 |
Chlorite | Green | Several forms, usually opaque, may be occluded in Quartz (generic name for a group) | Easily obtained | Russia, Germany, United States |
 |
Chrysanthemum Stone | Brown, gray with white | Resembles the flower of a chrysanthemum, medium stone | Readily available | China, Japan, Canada, United States |
 |
Chrysocolla | Green, Blue, Turquoise | Opaque, often bands or inclusions, all sizes, frequently tumbled or polished | Common | United States, Britain, Mexico, Chile, Peru, Zaire, Russia |
 |
Chrysoprase | Apple green, Lemon | Opaque, flecked, often small and tumbled | Common | United States, Russia, Brazil, Australia, Poland, Tanzania |
| Cinnabar | Red, brown-red, Gray | Small, crystalline or granular mass on matrix | Readily available but expensive | China, United States | |
 |
Citrine | Yellow to yellowish brown or smoky gray-brown | Transparent crystals, all sizes, often as geode, point, or cluster | Natural Citrine is comparatively rare; heart-treated Amethyst is often sold as Citrine | Brazil, Russia, France, Madagascar, Britain, United States |
 |
Danburite | Pink, Yellow, White, Lilac | Clear with striations, all sizes | Readily available | United States, Czech Republic, Russia, Switzerland, Japan, Mexico, Mynmar |
 |
Diamond | Clear White, Yellow, Blue, Brown, Pink | Small, clear, transparent gemstone when cut and polished | Expensive | Africa, Australia, Brazil, India, Russia, United States |
 |
Dioptase | Deep blue-green or emerald green | Brilliant small crystals, usually on a matrix, or non-crystalline mass | Quite rare and expensive | Iran, Russia, Namibia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, North Africa, Chile, Peru |
 |
Emerald | Green | Small bright gemstone or larger cloudy crystal | Gem quality is expensive but unpolished emerald readily available | India, Zimbabwe, Tanzania, Brazil, Egypt, Austria |
 |
Fluorite | Clear, blue, green, yellow, brown | Transparent, cubic or octahedral crystals, all sizes | Common | United States, Britain, Australia, Germany, Norway, China, Peru, Mexico, Brazil |
 |
Fuchsite | Green | Plate-like and layered (form of mica), all sizes | Available from specialist stores | Brazil |
 |
Galena | Metallic gray-lilac | small shiny mass or larger granular and knobbly | Available from specialist outlets | United States, Britain, Russia |
 |
Garnet | Red, Pink, Green, Orange, Yellow, Brown, Black | Transparent or translucent crystal, often small and faceted or larger opaque piece | Common | Worldwide |
 |
Hematite | Silver, Red | "Brain-like" red or gray when unpolished. Shiny when polished. Heavy. All sizes | Common | Britain, Italy, Brazil, Sweden, Canada, Switzerland |
 |
Herkimer Diamond | Clear | Clear, oily, inner rainbows, usually double terminated, small to large | Expensive but readily available | United States, Mexico, Spain, Tanzania |
 |
Howlite | Green, White, Blue - often artificially colored | Marbled stone, often tumbled. All sizes | Easily obtained | United States |
 |
Idocrase | Green, Brown, Yellow, Pale blue, Red | Resinous, small transparent crystal with flecks | Available from specialist people | United States |
 |
Iolite | Gray, Voilet, Blue, Yellow | Small, translucent, color changes with angle of view | Obtainable from specialist shops | United States |
 |
Iron Pyrite | Gold or brownish | Metallic, may be cubic, small to medium | Readily available | Britain, North America, Chile, Peru |
 |
Jade | Green, Orange, Brown, Blue, Blue-green, Cream, Lavender, Red, White | Translucent (Jadeite) or creamy (Nephrite), somewhat soapy feel, All sizes. | Most colors are available but some are rare. Nephrite is more easily obtained than Jadeite | United States, China, Italy, Myanmar, Russia, Middle East |
 |
Jasper | Red, Brown, Yellow, Green, Blue, Purple | Opaque, patterned, often water-worn or small and tumbled | Common | Worldwide |
| Jet | Black | Coal-like, usually polished and small | Readily available | Worldwide, especially United States | |
 |
Kunzite | Pink, Green, Yellow, Lilac, Clear | Transparent or translucent, striated crystal, all sizes | Becoming more readily available | United States, Madagascar, Brazil, Myanmar, Afghanistan |
 |
Kyanite | Blue-white, Pink, Green, Yellow, Gray, Black | Striated, bladed crystal, may be transparent or opaque and "pearlized," all sizes | Readily available | Brazil |
 |
Labradorite | Grayish to black with blue, yellow | All sizes, usually polished: dark until catches light, then iridescent blue or gold flashes. Yellow form is transparent, usually small and tumbled | Readily available | Italy, Greenland, Finland, Russia, Canada, Scandinavia |
 |
Lapis Lazuli | Deep blue flecked with gold | Dense, veined, lapis lazuli looks like the night sky. All sizes, sometimes tumbled | Easily obtained but expensive | Russia, Afghanistan, Chile, Italy, United States, Egypt, Middle East |
 |
Larimar | Blue, blue-green, gray, or red, with white | Translucent, smooth, with whorls of color or white veins showing through the base color, Often small to medium, tumbled | Easily obtained | Dominican Republic, Bahamas |
 |
Lepidolite | Purple, Pink | Plate-like layers, slightly shiny, or grainy mass, all sizes | Easily obtained | United States, Czech Republic, Brazil, Madagascar, Dominican Republic |
| Magnesite | White, Gray, Brown, Yellow | Size and form varies widely, may be "brain-like," chalky and marbled, or crystalline | Readily available, crystalline is rare | Brazil, United States | |
 |
Magnetite | Black, Brownish-gray | Dark and grainy, magnetic (iron ore), all sizes | Easily obtained | United States, Canada, India, Mexico, Romania, Italy, Finland, Austria |
 |
Malachite | Green | Concentric light and dark bands ad rosettes. All sizes, often tumbled or polished | Easily obtained | Romania, Zambia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Russia, Middle East |
 |
Merlinite | Black and white | Two distinct opaque colors, usually small | Becoming more readily available | New Mexico |
 |
Moldavite | Dark green | Small, transparent, folded mass, often glassy | Rare but readily available, although increasingly expensive as source is used up | Czech Republic, Germany, Moldova |
 |
Moonstone | White, Cream, Yellow, Blue, Green | Milky, translucent, all sizes | Easily obtained | India, Sri Lanka, Australia |
 |
Muscovite | Pink, Gray, Brown, Violet, Yellow, Red, White | Pearl-like mica in layers, all sizes | Easily obtained | Switzerland, Russia, Austria, Czech Republic, Brazil, New Mexico, United States |
 |
Nebula Stone | Black with green spots | Dense stone with distinct patches, usually small and tumbled | A new stone recently appearing on the market | Southwestern United States, Mexico |
 |
Obsidian | Brown, Black, Blue, Green, Rainbow, Red-black, Silver, Gold-sheen | Shiny, Opaque, glass-like, all sizes, sometimes tumbled | Some colors are readily available, others are rare, and some blue-green colors are manufactured glass | Mexico and worldwide |
 |
Apache Tear | Black | Small, often smooth and water-worn. Translucent when held to the light | Common | United States |
 |
Snowflake Obsidian | Black and White | Mottled black-white, as though snowflakes were on the surface, often small and tumbled | Easily obtained | Worldwide |
 |
Okenite | White | Long and fibrous, looks like a small furry snowball | Easily obtained from specialist shops | India |
 |
Onyx | Black, Gray, White, Blue, Brown, Yellow, Red | Banded, marble-like, often polished. All sizes | Readily available | Italy, Mexico, United States, Russia, Brazil, South Africa |
 |
Opal | White, Pink, Black, Beige, Blue, Yellow, Brown, Orange, Red, Green, Purple | Clear or milky, Iridescent and fiery, or vitreous without fire, often small and polished | Easily obtained, although gem Opals are expensive | Australia, Mexico, Peru, South America, Britain, Canada, United States, Honduras, Slovakia |
 |
Peridot | Olive green, Yellowish-green, honey, red, brownish | Opaque. Clear crystal when faceted and polished. Usually quite small | Easily obtained but good crystals rare | United States, Brazil, Egypt, Ireland, Russia, Sri Lanka, Canary Islands |
 |
Petalite | Clear, White, Pink, Gray, Reddish-white. Greenish-white | Quartz-like, striated, slightly iridescent, usually small | Rate and expensive | Brazil, Madagascar |
 |
Phenacite | Colorless, may be tinted yellow, yellow-red, red, pink, brown | Glassy, quartz-like, with small crystals | Fairly rare and usually expensive | Madagascar, Russia, Zimbabwe, Colorado, Brazil |
| Pietersite | Golden-brown to gray-blue | Mottled, Iridescent, often small, tumbled | Easily obtained | Nambia | |
 |
Prehnite | Green, Yellow, White, Brown | Bubbles on matrix, small to medium pieces | Easily obtained from specialist stores | South Africa |
| Pyrolusite | Silver, Black, Blue, Dark gray | Large, shiny, fan-like on brown matrix or granular mass | Readily available from specialist shops | United States, Britain, Brazil, India | |
 |
Quartz | Clear | Long, Pointed crystals, transparent, milky or striated, often in clusters, all sizes | Most types of Quartz are easily obtained | Worldwide |
 |
Quartz: Aqua Aura And Laboratory-Made Specialist Quartzes | Blue (Siberian), red (Rose or Ruby Aura), yellow (Sunshine Aura), rainbow | Quartz crystals artificially bonded with gold, producing intense color, small points or clusters | Readily available | Manufactured coating on quartz crystal |
 |
Phantom Quartz | Varies according to mineral | Ghost-like crystal within main crystal | Easily obtained | Worldwide |
 |
Rose Quartz | Pink | Usually translucent, may be transparent, all sizes, sometimes tumbled | Easily obtained | South Africa, United States, Brazil, Japan, India, Madagascar |
 |
Quartz: Rutilated Quartz | Colorless or smoky with golden brown, reddish, or black strands | Long thin "threads" in clear crystal, all sizes | Readily available | Worldwide |
 |
Smoky Quartz | Brownish to blackish hue, sometimes yellowish | Translucent, long, pointed crystals with darker ends. All sizes. (Note: very dark quartz may be artificially irradiated and is not transparent) | Easily obtained but ensure that it is natural smoky quartz | Worldwide |
 |
Tourmalinated Quartz | Clear with dark strands | Long, thick, dark "Threads" in clear crystal, all sizes | Easily obtained | Worldwide |
 |
Rhodochrosite | Pink to Orange | Banded, all sizes, often polished or tumbled | Easily obtained | United States, South Africa, Russia, Argentina, Uruguay |
 |
Rhodonite | Pink or Red | Mottled, often flecked with black, often small and tumbled | Easily obtained | Spain, Russia, Sweden, Germany, Mexico, Brazil |
 |
Rhyolite | White, Green, Light gray, Red | Banded or spotted with crystal inclusions, all sizes, often tumbled | Available from specialist stores, often shaped and polished | Australia, Mexico, United States |
 |
Ruby | Red | Bright, transparent when polished, opaque when not. Small faceted crystal or larger cloudy piece | Uncut Ruby is readily available, polished gemstone is expensive | India, Madagascar, Russia, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Kenya, Mexico |
 |
Saphire | Blue, Yellow, Green, Black, Purple | Bright, transparent when polished, often small or larger cloudy piece | Some sapphire colors are rare but most are easily obtained as uncut stones | Myanmar, Czech Republic, Brazil, Kenya, India, Australia, Sri Lanka |
 |
Sardonyx | Back, Red, Brown, Clear | Banded, opaque, may be large or small, often tumbled | Easily obtained from specialist stores | Brazil, India, Russia, Asia Minor |
 |
Selenite | Pure white, Orange, Blue, Brown, Green | Translucent with fine ribbing (Satin Spar) or coarser ribbing, fishtail, or petal-like (Desert Rose). All sizes | Easily obtained | United States, Mexico, Russia, Austria, Greece, Poland, Germany, France, England |
| Seraphinite | Green | Silvery feathers within the darker stone, often small and polished | Available in specialist stores | Siberia | |
 |
Serpentine | Red, Green, Brown-red, Brown-yellow, Black-green, White | Mottled, dual appearance, can be water-worn and often polished. All sizes | Easily obtained from specialist stores | Britain (Cornwall), Norway, Russia, Zimbabwe, Italy, United States |
 |
Shattuckite | Dark and light blue, turquoise | Mottled, often small and tumbled | Obtainable from specialist stores | United States |
 |
Smithsonite | Pink, Lavender, Green, Blue-green, Purple, Brown, Yellow, White-gray, Blue | Pearly, Lustrous, like layers of silky bubbles, all sizes | Easily obtained | United States, Australia, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Namibia |
 |
Sodalite | Blue | Mottled dark and light blue-white, often tumbled. All sizes | Easily obtained | North America, France, Brazil, Greenland, Russia, Myanmar, Romania |
 |
Spinel | Colorless, White, Red, Blue, Violet, Black, Green, Yellow, Orange, Brown | Small, crystalline with terminations, or tumbled pebbles | Readily available | India, Canada, Sri Lanka, Myanmar |
 |
Staurolite | Brown, Yellow-brown, Reddish-brown | Resembles Chiastolite, may crystallize as a cruciform or exhibit a cross | Available from specialist shops | United States, Russia, Middle East |
 |
Stillbite | White, Yellow, Pink, Orange, Red, Brown | Small crystalline plates or pyramids as a cluster | Easily obtained from specialist stores | United States |
 |
Sugilite | Purple, Violet-pink | Opaque, lightly banded or, rarely, translucent, all sizes, often tumbled | Available from specialist stores | Japan, South Africa |
 |
Sulphur | Yellow | Powdery or smallish translucent crystals on matrix | Obtainable from specialist shops | Italy, Greece, South America, Volcanic regions |
 |
Sunstone | Yellow, Orange, Red-brown | Clear transparent or opaque crystal with iridescent reflections, often small, tumbled | Easily obtained from specialist shops | |
 |
Tektite | Black or dark Brown, green (Moldavite) | Small, glassy, densely translucent | Because Tektite is a meteorite, it is quite rare but available from specialist shops | Middle and Far East, Philippines, Polynesia, can occur worldwide |
 |
Thulite | Pink, Rose, White, Red, Gray | Granulated mass, often large | Obtained from specialist stores | Norway |
 |
Tiger's Eye | Brown-yellow, Pink, Blue, Red | Banded, slightly shiny, often small and tumbled | Easily obtained | United States, Mexico, India, Australia, South Africa |
 |
Topaz | Golden-yellow, Brown, Blue, Clear, Red-Pink, Green | Transparent, pointed crystals, often small and faceted or large piece | Easily obtained from specialist stores, red-pink is rare | United States, Mexico, India, Australia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Pakistan |
 |
Tourmaline | Black, Brown, Green, Pink, Red, Yellow, Blue, Watermelon, Blue-green | Shiny, Opaque, or transparent, long striated or hexagonal structure. All sizes | Easily obtained from specialist stores | Sri Lanka, Brazil, Africa, United States, Western Australian, Afghanistan, Italy |
 |
Turquoise | Turquoise, Green or Blue | Opaque, often veined, all sizes often polished | Easily obtained | United States, Egypt, Mexico, China, Iran, Peru, Poland, Russia, France, Tibet, Egypt, Afghanistan, Arabia |
 |
Ulexite | Transparent | Clear, silky, squarish crystal, sometimes lightly striated. Magnifies. | Easily obtained | United States |
 |
Unakite | Green-pink | Mottled, often small tumbled stone | Easily obtained | United States, South Africa |
 |
Vanadinite | Orange-brown, Red-brown, Yellow-brown, Red, Orange, Yellow | Very small, bright transparent crystals on a matrix | Obtainable from specialist stores | United States |
 |
Variscite | Green, Gray, and White | Opaque, sometimes veined, may appear as large mass or small encrustations on a matrix | Obtainable from specialist stores | United States, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Bolivia |
 |
Wulfenite | Yellow, Golden, Orange, Green, Gray, Yellow-gray, Brown, White, Colorless | Small crystals or blades on a matrix, or large transparent, squarish crystal | Available from specialist stores | United States, Mexico |
| Zeolite | Colorless, White, Blue, Peach | Varied, all sizes, often as a cluster | Available from specialist stores | Britain, Australia, India, Brazil, Czech Republic, Italy, United States | |
 |
Zincite | Red, Orange-yellow, Green, Colorless | Grainy mass, although some striking transparent crystals are available from Poland that formed as part of the smelting process at a mine | Available from specialist stores | Poland, Italy, United States |
 |
Zoisite | Colorless, White, Yellow, Brown, Blue, Green, Red, Pink (Thulite), Lavender-blue | Solid mass, pleochroic*, all sizes | Obtained from specialist shops, often with Ruby | Austria, Tanzania, India, Madagascar, Russia, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Kenya |